Vaginismus
Vaginismus is defined as an involuntary spasm of the vaginal muscles at the entrance to the vagina. This condition can interfere with activities such as vaginal sexual intercourse, tampon insertion, and pelvic examinations. Although there is limited consensus on the exact diagnostic criteria and examination findings, the term “involuntary spasm” is widely recognized.
Vaginismus is classified as a sexual pain disorder, alongside dyspareunia. It can present in two forms:
- Primary vaginismus, which indicates a lifelong difficulty with vaginal penetration.
- Secondary vaginismus, which occurs after a period where penetration was not problematic.
Several factors are associated with vaginismus, although scientific evidence remains limited. These factors may be:
- Psychological, including negative attitudes towards sexual intercourse or a history of sexual or physical abuse.
- Biological, such as pelvic conditions (e.g., infections, trauma from surgery or radiation therapy, endometriosis).
Due to the lack of robust scientific data on its causes, treatment options for vaginismus are often based on clinical experience and anecdotal evidence. Treatments may include:
- Infection treatment: If an infection is identified, appropriate treatment is administered.
- Pelvic floor physiotherapy: Techniques like Kegel exercises can help women become more aware of and gain control over their vaginal muscles.
- Management of endometriosis: A gynecologist can assist in treating endometriosis to alleviate symptoms and reduce discomfort.
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy and sex therapy are recognized interventions that may benefit those affected by vaginismus.
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of vaginismus, consulting a healthcare professional is an important step toward improving sexual and reproductive health.
